Asthma: How can I avoid allergens and irritants?

asthma causes



If pollen and mold cause your symptoms, use your air-conditioner and try to keep the windows of your home and car closed. Change the filter on your heating and cooling system frequently.

To keep mold down, clean and air out bathrooms, kitchens and basements often. Keep the level of humidity under 50%. You can do this with an air conditioner or a dehumidifier.

People who are allergic to dust are actually allergic to the droppings of dust mites. To reduce dust mites in your home, wash bedsheets weekly in hot water (above 130°F). Cover mattresses and pillows in airtight covers and remove carpets and drapes. If you must have carpet, you can treat it with chemicals to help reduce dust mites. Try to avoid stuffed animals, dried flowers and other things that catch dust.

Pets can cause problems if you're allergic to them. If you have a pet, keep it out of your bedroom.

Don't allow smoking in your house or car. Tobacco smoke can make your asthma worse.


Source: American Academy of Family Physicians

Written by familydoctor.org editorial staff

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Inhalent sensitivities - Part 1

allergens

This group includes pollens, moulds, animal dander and housedust mites.

Housedust Mites are probably the most important inhaled allergen; reducing exposure to them is the most fundamental aspect of allergen avoidance. They are found in large numbers in most houses in the UK; they require a food source (shed skin scales), warmth, and humidity to survive.

Skin scales are found in abundance in bedding, soft furnishings and carpets. Each night we warm up our beds as we sleep, shed skin and provide moisture through perspiration and breathing (roughly a pint per person per night); therefore high levels of mites are found in bedclothes, mattresses and pillows. Each mite passes very small faecal pellets (about 30 microns); these are extremely dry as the housedust mite needs to conserve as much moisture as possible. These pellets fragment easily into particles, which become airborne very easily, and remain airborne for many hours. They are of a size that our defences find most difficult to keep out of our airways, and they are therefore easily inhaled. As they land on the surface of the airways they set up an immune response; because they will act as a repeated stimulus to the immune system, in the susceptible patient allergy may well develop.

Housedust mite exposure should be reduced even if you do not think it is a particular problem – almost every allergic patient is allergic to them, and this puts a constant ‘load’ on the immune system.

There are several ways of approaching the control of housedust mite exposure:-

• The most important area to tackle is the bed. Wash bedding regularly. Mites in bedclothes will be killed if you can hot wash them (60oC and above). Although normal cool washing does not kill mites, it does wash out the allergic component of the pellets that causes the problem, and it will be some time before the levels rise again. Pillows are supposed to be washable but in practice it can be difficult getting them dry, and mattresses can’t be washed at all. Therefore pillows and mattresses hold high levels of mites and every night their pellets are breathed in as we sleep. They should be covered with a special ‘allergy’ breathable barrier cover if possible. The duvet should also be covered in the same way unless it is washable and is regularly washed. Mattresses on slatted bases, which allow good air circulation, are an advantage if possible.

• Kill them with high temperature steam cleaning of carpets, mattresses etc (high-temp steam leaves things dry rather than wet); or by freezing (e.g. pillows, soft toys).
• Increase ventilation to lower humidity (i.e. have windows open as much as possible). One of the reasons for the increase in housedust mite problems in recent decades is poor ventilation leading to higher humidity, which encourages mite growth. Reducing humidity levels kill mites, and as it also controls mould growth and reduces indoor air pollution (often worse than outdoor pollution).
• The best option is a good air filter (and a dehumidifier if the house is particularly damp). There are many air filters on the market that will trap larger particles such as whole pollen grains and mite pellets, but fragmented pellets and pollens, and some mould spores, are of a size (up to one micron) which most easily get through our defences. Up to 95% of the airborne particles in a room will be of this size, and they are also the most difficult particles for an air filter to remove. Filters, which are specifically designed to remove these most difficult particles, are called HEPA filters, and these are the best ones to buy.
• Filter vacuum cleaners – the small size of the most troublesome particles means that they pass straight through the coarse filter and dust bag of a normal cleaner and are blown around the room (thus many dust allergic people are worse after vacuuming). Simple measures include getting someone else to vacuum, opening windows wide during vacuuming, and not doing it so often – damp dust instead (but not with a cloth that is too wet, or humidity will rise). Ideally an old vacuum cleaner should be replaced with one that is designed to effectively trap even the sub-micron particles which cause the problems. There are a range of options, from expensive but very effective purpose built machines, through to standard models fitted with special microfilters, to filter material which can be added to your existing vacuum cleaner if you can’t afford a new one. Whichever type you choose, you should be sure that the filter vacuum effectively removes particles down to half-a-micron or so. A more powerful machine will suck up more dust and therefore steadily reduce the ‘reservoir’ of housedust mite left in furnishings.

Pollens and Moulds
Grass pollen is commonly considered; tree and weed pollens are often ignored but as each has it’s own season ranging from January (Hazel) to October (Dandelion). Air filters are effective indoors (pollens are relatively large particles, although fragments are obviously much smaller). Filter vacuum cleaners will trap pollens.

Mould spores are usually ignored but are potent allergens – very few allergic patients are not mould sensitive. Different moulds spore at different seasons, so mould sensitivity (as with pollens) can lead to year long symptoms, usually worse in spring and particularly autumn, in damp weather, when raining or snowing, and in gardens, around compost heaps, and when cutting grass. Measures to reduce humidity, increase ventilation, and good air filters will help tackle mould sensitivity, as may avoiding ‘mouldy’ foods such as blue cheeses, mushrooms and yeasts.

If you have a damp house, particularly where mould is visible on walls and windowsills, it is important to determine the cause and tackle it (either structural faults, or condensation due to inadequate heating or poor ventilation)

Source: http://www.allergyuk.org

To be continued....................

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Indoor Allergens - Top Tips

allergens

If you are suffering from an allergy to house dust mite, pets or moulds have a look at our top tips that could help ease some of your symptoms.

• Allergic reactions to house dust mite cause sneezing, wheezing, runny nose, tight chest and skin rashes, avoidance measures are key as part of a management programme.
• House dust mites make happy bedfellows, did you know, it is estimated that 2 million house dust mites live in a double bed. By using anti-allergy bedding covers that have been scientifically tested, you can significantly reduce contact with the allergen.
• Using duvets and pillows that contain material in which house dust mites cannot live can play a major part in avoidance.
• The house dust mite thrives in a warm moist environment. An electric blanket containing anti-allergy material will not only keep your bed warm, but house dust mites will not thrive in a nice dry bed.
• Padded headboards attract and hold dust, vacuum them regularly or opt for a wooden one.
• Indoor air quality is often as much as 20 times more polluted than the air outside. Common allergens are house dust mite, mould spores, pet dander, and pollen, and chemical pollutants are pesticides from timber treatments, tobacco smoke and chemicals from household cleaning products.
• Keep your home well ventilated by opening windows and by slightly lowering the temperature of the central heating you can greatly improve the air quality and reduce indoor allergens.
• Air conditioning is becoming increasingly popular but it is important to remember that these systems must be properly maintained otherwise mould can become established in the system and will be spread around the building by the very action of the air conditioning system itself.
• House dust mites can survive at quite low temperatures and up to over 34C, but they need moisture to survive which is why our UK humid climate is so good. Almost all temperatures in our homes offer the ideal environment for house dust mites to live in but you can make your home difficult for them to survive by reducing humidity and taking the following steps: air your bed everyday by hanging your duvet or blankets over a chair, open windows and close doors on all steamy rooms like the bathroom and kitchen.
• To further reduce house dust mites and their allergen, vacuum carpets everyday and curtains, and fabric three-piece suites three times a week with a vacuum cleaner that has a Hepa filter.
• When replacing your three piece suite try to replace it with a leather or vinyl covered suite.
• It is quite fashionable nowadays to use cotton throws over fabric suites. These can be washed at least monthly on a 60-degree wash to kill any allergens gathered in the throw or you could use anti-allergy bedding that can be adapted to make covers encasing the suite.
• Soft toys are a favourite place for house dust mites to live in. By removing all but a favourite soft toy from the bedroom at night, you will lessen the house dust mites in your child’s room and bed. Every month, all soft toys should be either placed in the freezer for at least 24 hours and washed (in a pillow case) to remove the dead mites and their allergic droppings or washed at a temperature of 60C.
• Pollen can live in the carpet for three months, vacuum regularly with a cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter.
• Cat allergy is very common. Cat allergen is very light and sticky and stays around for months even after the cat is no longer around. Cat allergen sticks to carpeting, furnishings and walls, causing a problem for sufferers, regular washing down of walls and paintwork will help keep allergens down.
• Steam cleaning can make a great impact using a product that has been scientifically tested to ascertain its efficiency in removing allergens. Vacuuming the carpet after steam cleaning will completely remove dead mites and allergen.
• Regularly check and clean bathrooms. Kitchens and bathrooms are ideal breeding grounds for moulds to grow, as are windowsills, check these areas regularly. Rather than using chemical cleaners to remove mould try white vinegar or borax for cleaning, as this will remove the mould without increasing the chemical pollution within the home.
• Regularly check fruit in the fruit basket removing any aging fruit as this will be a target for mould.
• Indoor houseplants are another source of moulds. Place pea-shingle on top of the soil and this will stop mould spores from settling.
• Always use an electrostatic duster or damp dust, as this will stop dust particles becoming air-borne. Dust particles can remain airborne for several hours irritating the nose, eyes and chest.

Source: http://www.allergyuk.org

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